Publication

Emerging from the Shadows: Essays on Disarmament by Indian Women

After prolonged negotiations, 94 non-nuclear weapon States signed the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in 2017 without the participation of any nuclear weapons States. In February 2023, Russia suspended its participation in New START, the nuclear arms reduction treaty signed in 2010, citing the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The doomsday clock is ticking alarmingly, 89 seconds away from midnight mayhem. How does one make sense of a world where humanity has chosen to co-exist with nuclear weapons? Emerging from the Shadows: Essays on Disarmament by Indian Women is a series of essays discussing the art of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament and its journey, fused with India’s engagement with the issue. The diverse topics it addresses range from the interlinkage of non-proliferation, disarmament and foreign policy, confidence building measures, verification processes, nuclear risk reduction, nuclear energy market and its trends, biosecurity and the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda. It is an analytically crafted account and a review of contemporary discourse around disarmament entwined with non-proliferation. The authors place great emphasis on the interconnected nature of the disarmament and non-proliferation approaches, where the latter draws credibility from, and lays groundwork for, the former.

Subhash Bhambhu |
July-August 2025 |
Strategic Analysis

The Silk Road

Historical background Traditionally, an improvised caravan route used by both the Chinese and European traders for transporting once famous Chinese silk to West Asia and Europe, the legendary ‘Silk Road’ between Chinese-occupied Sinkiang and Gilgit (Pakistan-occupied Kashmir) has become the focus of world attention with the re-opening on August 24, 1969, of Pakistan-China border trade on this route after 20 years (since 1949). The subject has assumed further importance recently as it came to light that the Chinese were building a new road connecting the Tibet-Sinkiang road with the Gilgit-Sinkiang road through Khunjerab Pass (16,000 ft).

S. B. Guha |
July-August 2025 |
Strategic Analysis

Colonial Legacies and Contested Territories: Unravelling UK-PoK Relations with a Focus on Mirpur

This Article examines the UK’s historical and contemporary ties with PoK, focussing on ‘AJK’, and, in particular, the Mirpuri diaspora in the UK, through the lenses of colonial legacies, mass migration, and recent developments. Focusing on the 1967 Mangla Dam-induced migration as a pivotal moment, it analyses the socio-political influence of the Mirpuri diaspora in the UK and the geopolitical implications of recent events like British Envoy Jane Marriot’s 2024 Mirpur visit, which sparked India’s protest. By focusing on human-centric dimensions—migration patterns, identity tensions, diaspora activism—the Article highlights the complexities of UK-PoK relations and their ripple effects on India-UK-Pakistan ties. Colonialism, Kashmir, Migration, Diaspora, Identity, Radicalisation.

Priyanka Singh |
July-August 2025 |
Strategic Analysis

Xi’s Call to ‘Tell the China Story Well’ – An Understanding of China’s Discourse Power

To contest the discursive hegemony of the West, China has been striving to have a greater say in the way it is represented on the world stage. It is believed that China’s voice in international affairs is not commensurate with its increasing hard power. In this context, the article seeks to approach China’s quest for international discourse power from a three-fold framework: first, explore the concept of discourse power; second, assess the Chinese understanding of discourse power; and third, examine China’s efforts to enhance its discourse power with a special focus on the role of the Chinese State media.

Amrita Jash , A. Anupama |
July-August 2025 |
Strategic Analysis

Competitiveness in India’s Defence Industry Ecosystem: An Analysis

India has undertaken multi-pronged reforms to achieve self-reliance in defence sector. It has gained momentum based on the success of the indigenous weapon system during Operation SINDOOR. However, creating an ecosystem for defence industrialisation or indigenisation is an arduous and protracted journey. It calls for constant review of the system and dynamic formulation of strategies. This article attempts to assess the competitiveness of the defence industry ecosystem in India by using Porter’s Diamond Model. It emerges that India is moving in fast-track mode to promote indigenous development and manufacturing of defence products and achieve atmanirbharta or self-reliance. The analysis also discusses the ‘Way-Ahead’ to maintain momentum for indigenisation and ensure the competitive advantage of the Indian defence industry.

The Geopolitical Trap: War in Ukraine and Strategic Takeaways

Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and the Ukraine–Russia War began in Europe.Footnote1 The War has lasted for more than three years, resulting in around 43,000 Ukrainian soldiers killed, 370,000 injured (as of December 2024), and 6.8 million Ukrainians displaced across Europe (as of January 2025), including women, children, and the elderly (Binley and Beale Citation2024; Statista Citation2025). Russia has also suffered significant deaths and casualties in the War, as well as faced economic sanctions from Western powers.

Nihar Kulkarni |
July-August 2025 |
Strategic Analysis

Chinese Air and Missile Power

Air force Built up with Russian aid in the wake of the Korean War in the early fifties, the Chinese Air Force grew up around 1960 to be the third-largest in the world with about 3,000 fighter interceptors (mostly MiG-15s, MiG-17s and a few MiG-19s) and about a thousand light jet bombers (mostly JL-28s) and transport aircraft. There were about 10,000 pilots. Flying schools, training depots and instructional centres were developed under Russian guidance and there was a regular flow of supply and replacement of craft and spares. A division of parachute troops was also in the process of formation during 1959–60 with Russian help. China’s first Air Force Chief Liu Ya-lou spelt out the magnitude of Soviet assistance, when he said in July 1957 that, ‘the Soviet Union has not only given us first-class modern equipment, but also sent here a large number of very learned and experienced experts to teach us aviation science, tactics, superior aviation techniques and air force tactics, and all kinds of advance experience’.