Mohammed Nuruzzaman

After prolonged negotiations, 94 non-nuclear weapon States signed the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in 2017 without the participation of any nuclear weapons States. In February 2023, Russia suspended its participation in New START, the nuclear arms reduction treaty signed in 2010, citing the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The doomsday clock is ticking alarmingly, 89 seconds away from midnight mayhem. How does one make sense of a world where humanity has chosen to co-exist with nuclear weapons? Emerging from the Shadows: Essays on Disarmament by Indian Women is a series of essays discussing the art of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament and its journey, fused with India’s engagement with the issue. The diverse topics it addresses range from the interlinkage of non-proliferation, disarmament and foreign policy, confidence building measures, verification processes, nuclear risk reduction, nuclear energy market and its trends, biosecurity and the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda. It is an analytically crafted account and a review of contemporary discourse around disarmament entwined with non-proliferation. The authors place great emphasis on the interconnected nature of the disarmament and non-proliferation approaches, where the latter draws credibility from, and lays groundwork for, the former.

• Subhash Bhambhu |
• July-August 2025 |
• Strategic Analysis

The Economic Weapon came at a time when Western policymakers were struggling to sanction one of the world’s largest economies, Russia, over the war in Ukraine. Nicholas Mulder, an Assistant Professor of modern European history at Cornell University, traces the evolution of the ‘economic weapon’ or what is now referred to as ‘economic sanction’, since its origin in 1914 until the foundation of the UN. In Prof. Mulder’s view, the role of the economic weapon was not given its proper space in World War history. Through the historical account, the author explores how the emergence of the economic weapon during wartime and especially during peacetime played a role in shaping the currents of various events.

• Subhash Bhambhu |
• January-February 2025 |
• Strategic Analysis

Iran—US relations are in a state of flux due to President Trump’s draconian sanctions, what is dubbed the ‘maximum pressure’ campaign, to force Iran to renegotiate the 2015 nuclear deal. Iran’s ‘counter pressure’ policy, in contrast, has sought to blunt the effects of sanctions and compel the Trump administration to return to the nuclear deal. This article examines the basic thrust, goals and shortcomings of Trump’s anti-Iran campaign, and also explores Iran’s policy choices and responses to face off Trump’s campaign of ‘maximum pressure’.

• Mohammed Nuruzzaman |
• November 2020 |
• Strategic Analysis

In recent years, especially after the 9/11 attacks on America, Western academics and policy-makers have increasingly viewed Islam as an inherently violent religion and Muslims as terrorists.

• Mohammed Nuruzzaman |
• November 2017 |
• Strategic Analysis

Traditionally, the Shi’a–Sunni divide and the associated dynamics of the geopolitical struggle for power and dominance, between the minority Shi’as and the majority Sunnis, have defined intra-Islamic relations. Often sidelined were the political differences between and among groups and movements within Shi’a as well as Sunni Islam.

• Mohammed Nuruzzaman |
• May 2017 |
• Strategic Analysis

Saudi Arabia is a country the West loves and hates simultaneously. Often termed a ‘mysterious land’, Westerners largely view Saudi Arabia as a country ‘defined by oil, terrorism and veiled women’ (p. 1). The vast oil resources of the country unfailingly increase its strategic importance which helps to foster closer ties with the Americans and the Europeans who otherwise scorn its strict religious orientations, undemocratic and closed system of governance, and the excessive social and cultural dominance of the Wahhabi religious establishment.

• Mohammed Nuruzzaman |
• July 2013 |
• Strategic Analysis

The Arab Spring was ignited by an undeniable human security goal of achieving freedom from want, freedom from fear and freedom to live in dignity. This article analyses how human security concerns have figured in the Arab Spring and shaped its course.

• Mohammed Nuruzzaman |
• January 2013 |
• Strategic Analysis

The post-2003 Persian Gulf sub-region has witnessed intensified geopolitical conflicts and competition between Iran and the Gulf Arab states, particularly between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Scholars and experts have mostly analysed the conflicts through political and strategic prisms while neglecting their economic dimensions. This article analyses the various post-2003 conflicts between Iran and the Gulf Arab states with a focus on how economic integration or the lack thereof creates the incentives to resolve or sustain the conflicts.

• Mohammed Nuruzzaman |
• |
• Strategic Analysis