Submarines

The year 2025 has proven to be a particularly challenging period for the AUKUS trilateral security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). The developments...

Hangor-class submarines can expand the Pakistan Navy’s ability to sustain an underwater presence.

The P-75I programme can be regarded as an inflection point for strengthening India’s defence industrial ecosystem for achieving ‘atmanirbharta’ (self-reliance) in submarine technology.

The creation of a ‘Scorpene Club’ could collectively benefit India, Brazil, Malaysia and Indonesia, all operators of the French-origin submarine.

The success of the Strategic Partnership Model policy is essential to take forward the vision of building domestic capacities in niche technological platforms like submarines.