India’s Response Options to Pakistani Nuclear First Use

The promise of ‘massive’ nuclear retaliation may prove inadequate in staying Pakistani nuclear hand in face of Indian offensives. Inflicting ‘unacceptable damage’ may appear disproportionate to its leadership if in response to lower order nuclear first use. Therefore, nuclear retaliation could well be of quid pro quo or quid pro quo plus levels with damage not amounting to an ‘unacceptable’ order.

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