Rajan Bakshi

This article examines the strategic implications of drones and autonomous systems within India’s evolving defence and security environment. It argues that autonomy should not be assessed merely as a platform capability, but as a structural force that compresses decision cycles, complicates attribution and reshapes escalation control. Focusing on India’s contested borders, grey-zone pressures, and proximity to technologically capable adversaries, the article analyses emerging threats from China and Pakistan, gaps in India’s doctrine, training, C2 integration, cyber resilience and civil– military technology fusion. It recommends a decision-centric approach to threat assessment, supported by doctrinal reform, red teaming, indigenous autonomy stacks, and institutionalised operational learning.

• Parikshit Bishnoi, Rajan Bakshi |
• January-March 2026 |
• Journal of Defence Studies

This article analyses the evolving threat of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons from non-state actors, with implications for modern military strategy. It traces the historical use of biological agents from ancient warfare to Cold War programs. It highlights how advances in biotechnology have lowered the barriers for terrorist groups to acquire and deploy such weapons. Case studies, including the Rajneeshee attack and Islamic State's chemical operations, illustrate how CBRN tools are being adapted for asymmetric warfare. The article also critiques existing international treaties, noting gaps in enforcement and verification. With a focus on India's two-and-a-halffront security challenge from China and Pakistan, the study concludes with recommendations for strengthening military readiness, enhancing inter-agency coordination, investing in early warning and detection systems, and modernising doctrinal frameworks to counter emerging CBRN threats effectively.

• KTG Krishnan, Rajan Bakshi |
• January-June 2025 |
• CBW Magazine