It is important to assess the promise of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs) which has been highly exaggerated by some, and unduly underplayed by others. Despite two decades of effort, the PNE technology is still in the development stage. A realistic approach is needed to judge the extent to which nuclear explosives are useful in creating new assets for man, which cannot be gained from other means. The advantages are to be weighed against the possible ecological hazards and political problems inherent in the use of nuclear methods. An attempt is made to study the efforts made so far to exploit the unique features of nuclear explosives for engineering applications.