Iran–Israel Twelve-Day War: From Missile Precision to Defence Saturation

On 13 June 2025, Israel launched Operation Rising Lion, a military campaign targeting key Iranian military sites, nuclear facilities, command-and-control centres, nuclear scientists and senior Iranian military commanders. During this attack, Israel employed both SEAD (Suppression of Enemy Air Defences) and DEAD (Destruction of Enemy Air Defences) operations. In swift retaliation, Iran launched Operation True Promise, unleashing a coordinated missile and drone offensive that overwhelmed Israel’s multilayered air defence system. These operations were a litmus test for Israel and Iran’s missile and defence capabilities because Israel’s advanced air defence system was pitted against Iran’s sophisticated missiles.