Since the Camp David agreement of September 1978 and Egypt–Israel peace treaty of March 1979, arms flows into West Asia have been stepped up and new alignment of forces has taken place. Thus, the US has gained in influence over Egypt and this, in turn, has released new forces in the region. The Soviets too have attempted to make effective use of the developing relationship between Egypt and the United States to enlarge their own influence in the area.

Debates around the existence of a strategic culture in India have tickled the minds of scholars in International Relations for a long time, with a critical precedent set by George K. Tanham (1992), through Indian Strategic Thought: An Interpretive Essay, written for the RAND Corporation. Tanham refers to the incoherence in India’s strategic behaviour and concludes that strategic thought is by far absent in India. Kautilya’s Arthashastra: Strategic Cultural Roots of India’s Contemporary Statecraft by Kajari Kamal puts an end to all these debates.

Since the Hamas’s cross-border attack in Southern Israel on 7 October and Israel’s severe military response in Gaza, Iran has been central to both public and policy discussions about the potential expansion of the conflict into a wider regional war. Given that Iran-backed Lebanese Hezbollah and the Houthis in Yemen were quick to target Israel’s northern and southern borders, respectively, Tehran’s regional ‘proxy network’ has dominated discussions about the possibilities of conflict escalating into a direct war involving the US, Israel and Iran.

This article explores the intricacies of the Riyadh- Abu Dhabi alliance in Yemen and the potential impact this has had on the conflict. Specifically, it adopts the theoretical framework of Intra-alliance politics, which integrates considerations of individual and collective interests in coalition, and examines how divergent interests and strategic preferences between the two major regional actors shape the dynamics of the alliance and evolving competitions within it. Further, it also assesses the implications of the discord between the two regional powers on Yemen’s stability.

This article argues for the rethinking of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) and calls for reforms in the wake of APSA’s 20th anniversary since its adoption. The article proposes the adoption of an APSA PLUS approach to allow for structured cooperation with other States and non-State actors beyond the African continent, as well as the expansion of the number and scope of the existing pillars from the current five to six. The findings of this article are intended to offer recommendations on key areas that could benefit from such efforts.