United States of America (USA)

Faced with geostrategic setbacks, a militarily assertive Israel and the incoming Trump presidency, Iran has prioritised diplomacy with both regional countries and the West.

The US’ immediate response to 9/11 attacks marked the acme of its global hegemonic might, but the 7/10 attacks have fully exposed its receding geopolitical and technological ascendance.

The Biden administration’s Africa policy had to contend with military interventions, complex electoral transitions, fragile peace agreements and humanitarian crises.

The Project 2025 document reinforces the growing ideological divide in a deeply polarised American society.

The US Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) claims in the Arctic brings into question the legitimacy of established mechanisms like UNCLOS and CLCS.

Sino-US diplomatic engagement has been successful in fostering a modicum of stability between the two countries, despite significant contentions.

The ‘natural-born citizen’ clause is an anomaly in a nation that prides itself as a nation of immigrants.

Successful implementation of the Reciprocal Defense Procurement Agreement (RDPA) will require a deep understanding of the nuances and requirements of both the US and Indian defence procurement systems.

The Russia–Ukraine war has not only exacerbated already broken relations between the US and Russia but has emerged as a major hindrance to the conduct of the arms control talks.

The US factor remained a quintessential element in the 2024 Pakistan elections, given the Pakistan diaspora, the US Congress’ Pakistan Caucus and the PTI pressure groups.