Trade

Economic warfare has emerged as a central instrument of statecraft in the 21st century.

Rising anti-government protests in Southeast Asia can potentially disrupt foreign trade and investment.

India can emerge as a partner of consequence and help in Africa’s economic integration in the wake of the Trump tariffs.

Türkiye will have to balance protectionist measures with commitments to international trade agreements and desire for foreign investments.

EU countries have imposed restrictive measures on agricultural trade given domestic and regional triggers such as the farmers’ protests and the Russia–Ukraine war.

With India and Bangladesh agreeing to settle the payments for their international trade partly in Indian rupee, it can reduce pressure on Bangladeshi dollar reserves.

Export controls or strategic trade technology control has been used as a significant tool to impose sanctions on Russia, for its military operations in Crimea and Ukraine.

Iran has seen a sudden rise in its importance as a transit and transport hub connecting China and Central Asia to Europe, and also Russia with India.

India and Australia need to take a leadership role in maritime security affairs in the two oceans and have deeper engagements with the Pacific and Indian Ocean island countries.

Historically, navies have been employed for the conduct of trade warfare. However, naval discourse on the subject has ranged from advocacy as prime employment of naval power to relegation as...