Iran

The strategic end-state of the US military campaign against Iran, whether it is deterrence, coercive diplomacy, or regime change, has been unclear.

Iran is fighting a ‘war of balance’, using controlled horizontal escalation as a tool to impose sufficient costs on the US and its regional partners.

Iran's targeting of GCC Member States represents an unprecedented challenge in the organisation’s 45-year history.

The war in West Asia has highlighted the vulnerability of defence industrial ecosystems to targeted attacks.

The war in West Asia has highlighted the vulnerability of defence industrial ecosystems to targeted attacks.

The 12-day war between Israel and Iran showed that Information Operations have become a decisive part of modern warfare.

This monograph attempts to analyse Iran's Look East strategy, which became the macro framework of Iran's foreign policy after the US withdrawal from the nuclear deal in 2018 and more effectively under President Ebrahim Raisi. It delves into various geopolitical and economic drivers of Iran's pursuit of long-term partnerships with China and Russia. It seeks to understand how Iran's regional policy is responding to the new geopolitical dynamics in Central Asia and the Caucasus following the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and Azerbaijan's victory in the second Nagorno-Karabakh war. It also examines the problems and prospects in India-Iran ties, especially in the context of Iran's Look East strategy.

The Saudi-Pakistan defence pact symbolises regional actors' growing autonomy and assertiveness in reshaping the regional security environment.

Some strategic experts fear there is a high probability of a renewed and expansive Israel–Iran war in the coming months.

The Islamic Republic struggled to protect its critical infrastructure, whereas Israel emerged largely unscathed in the cyber domain during the 12-Day War.