Artificial Intelligence

The delegation of decisions over life and death has long been one of warfare's most enduring ethical, legal, and strategic dilemmas. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed this debate from a theoretical concern into an immediate challenge through the development of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). This monograph examines how existing International Humanitarian Law (IHL) addresses autonomous weapons by analysing the historical evolution of the laws of armed conflict, deliberations within the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), international governance initiatives, state practice, military doctrine, and contemporary battlefield experience. It compares national approaches to regulating AI-enabled warfare, evaluates India's evolving position, and identifies the legal, ethical, and operational challenges posed by increasing autonomy. The monograph argues that preserving meaningful human judgement and accountability remains fundamental and offers recommendations to strengthen India's legal, policy, technological, and institutional preparedness for the age of AI-enabled warfare.

As frontier AI splits into two rival regimes of access, India must stop depending on access and start building sovereign capability.

Forward-Deployed Engineering embeds engineers close to users, providing swift adaptation based on operational experience.

China-led AI governance architecture allows Beijing to engage with non-Western countries without being dictated to by the US.

Edge computing can be combined with other technologies like AI, 5G/6G, and Internet of Things to build a smart military ecosystem.

The SHANTI Act sets the tone for the promise of nuclear power to support rising electricity demand from the growth of AI data centres.

Terrorist financing and money laundering remain serious international challenges. These seemingly distinct threats are interlinked and feed off each other, thereby reinforcing the challenge they pose individually. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising every field of human endeavour. Early indicators suggest that terrorist financing and money laundering have also been impacted by it. AI functions as a catalyst. It may not change the counters of the threat, yet, it has the ability to enhance it if suitable measures are not instituted by organisations, countries and the wider international community. This paper briefly describes the characteristics and capability of AI as a technology. It explains the concept of terrorist financing and money laundering to explore the linkage between the two. It analyses case studies of AI’s exploitation by terrorist organisations and criminals and its simultaneous employment by intelligence and law enforcement agencies attempting to remain ahead of the technological curve. Finally, the paper suggests policy options to improve the adoption and implementation of AI to limit the threat from terrorist financing and money laundering.

The IAF and the IIT Bombay agreement to develop an indigenous, AI-driven maintenance model for the Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft is a meaningful step towards Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Cyber security is no longer about protecting networks but about preserving combat power.

Mythos evokes caution about the emerging stage of AI development, characterised by the dilution of human oversight and inequitable access to capabilities.