BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//MP-IDSA - ECPv6.15.12.2//NONSGML v1.0//EN
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://idsa.in
X-WR-CALDESC:Events for MP-IDSA
REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H
X-Robots-Tag:noindex
X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Asia/Kolkata
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+0530
TZOFFSETTO:+0530
TZNAME:IST
DTSTART:20070101T000000
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080405T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080405T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222753Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63800-1207373400-1207373400@idsa.in
SUMMARY:China's Claims on Arunachal :Revisiting the Issues
DESCRIPTION:Chair: N.S. Sisodia\nDiscussants: S K Bhutani & Bhaskar Roy
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/chinas-claims-on-arunachal-revisiting-the-issues
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080405T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080405T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222753Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63801-1207373400-1207373400@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Indo-US Joint Defence Exercises: An Appraisal For India
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Kapil Kak\nDiscussants: Pradeep Chauhan & Arun Sahgal
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/indo-us-joint-defence-exercises-an-appraisal-for-india
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080412T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080412T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222748Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63797-1207978200-1207978200@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Climate Change and India: Building Scenarios to and beyond 2012
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arvind Gupta\nDiscussants: Dinesh K Patnaik & M Padma Suresh
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/climate-change-and-india-building-scenarios-to-and-beyond-2012
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080412T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080412T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222753Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63798-1207978200-1207978200@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Pakistan-European Relations: Examining the Islamic Radicalisation Phenomenon
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Thomas Mathew\nDiscussants: Rahul K Bhonsle & Indranil Banerjie
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/pakistan-european-relations-examining-the-islamic-radicalisation-phenomenon
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080419T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080419T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222747Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63793-1208583000-1208583000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Building on the Naga Peace Process: Lessons from Mizoram
DESCRIPTION:Chair: R N Kapur\nDiscussant: Bhagat Oinam
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/building-on-the-naga-peace-process-lessons-from-mizoram
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080419T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080419T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222747Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63794-1208583000-1208583000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Cross-Border Linkages of Insurgencies in Indo-Myanmar Relations
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Sujit Dutta\nDiscussants: Baladas Ghoshal & P S Grewal
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/cross-border-linkages-of-insurgencies-in-indo-myanmar-relations
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080426T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080426T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222742Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63786-1209187800-1209187800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Rise of Religious Right in Bangladesh Politics: A Case Study of Jama'at-i-Islami
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Veena Sikri\nDiscussants: Kalim Bahadur & G Dharmendra
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/rise-of-religious-right-in-bangladesh-politics-a-case-study-of-jamaat-i-islami
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080426T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080426T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222742Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63787-1209187800-1209187800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Japan And Regionalism: Study of Its Approach Towards Eas And Eac
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Sujit Dutta\nDiscussants: K V Kesavan & Srinivas Gotru
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/japan-and-regionalism-study-of-its-approach-towards-eas-and-eac
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080503T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080503T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222737Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63782-1209792600-1209792600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Topic: Evolution of Road Network in the Northeast: Drivers and Brake
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Ved Marwah\nDiscussants: Jatinderbir & Rahul K Bhonsle
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/topic-evolution-of-road-network-in-the-northeast-drivers-and-brake
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080509T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080509T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222737Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63780-1210311000-1210311000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Topic: Examining the Case for Expanding the UN Security Council
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arundhati Ghose\nDiscussant: Tasneem Meenai
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/topic-examining-the-case-for-expanding-the-un-security-council
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080509T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080509T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222737Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63781-1210311000-1210311000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Assessing India's Defence Offset Policy
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Thomas Mathew\nDiscussants: Vinod Kumar Misra & Satyajeet Rajan
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/assessing-indias-defence-offset-policy
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080516T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080516T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222737Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63779-1210915800-1210915800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Topic: Changing Political Dynamics in Malaysia: Impact on Ethnic Minorities
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Ranjit Gupta\nDiscussants: G V C Naidu & C S Kuppuswamy
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/topic-changing-political-dynamics-in-malaysia-impact-on-ethnic-minorities
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080523T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080523T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222718Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63778-1211520600-1211520600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:A Critical Evaluation of Union Government Response to Maoist Challenge
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Ved Marwah\nDiscussant: Prakash Singh
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/a-critical-evaluation-of-union-government-response-to-maoist-challenge
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080523T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080523T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231224T105200Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T105200Z
UID:64266-1211520600-1211520600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Africa's Changing Security Architecture: A Case for India-Africa Security Dialogue
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arvind Gupta\nDiscussants: Gurmeet Kanwal & Ajay K Dubey
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/africas-changing-security-architecture-a-case-for-india-africa-security-dialogue-2
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080530T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080530T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222717Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63775-1212125400-1212125400@idsa.in
SUMMARY:China's 'RMA Driven Military Modernization': What it Implies for India?
DESCRIPTION:Chair: V.P. Dutt\nDiscussants: Madhu Bhalla & Vinod Anand
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/chinas-rma-driven-military-modernization-what-it-implies-for-india
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080530T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080530T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222717Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63776-1212125400-1212125400@idsa.in
SUMMARY:PLA Integration into the Nepal Army: Challenges and Prospects
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arvind Gupta\nDiscussants: Y M Bammi & Siddarth Varadarajan
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/pla-integration-into-the-nepal-army-challenges-and-prospects
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080606T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080606T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222713Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63773-1212730200-1212730200@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Export Controls and India
DESCRIPTION:Chair: K. Santhanam\nDiscussants: Anupam Srivastava & Pallava Bagla
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/export-controls-and-india
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080606T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080606T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222717Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130252Z
UID:63774-1212730200-1212730200@idsa.in
SUMMARY:China's Growing Engagement with Central Asian Republics: Implications for India
DESCRIPTION:Chair: V.P. Dutt\nDiscussants: Madhu Bhalla & Nandan Unnikrishnan
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/chinas-growing-engagement-with-central-asian-republics-implications-for-india
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080613T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080613T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222712Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63772-1213335000-1213335000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Emerging Challenges In Combating Terrorist Financing
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arvind Gupta\nDiscussants: Ravi Sawhney & Vivek Wadekar
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/emerging-challenges-in-combating-terrorist-financing
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080620T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080620T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222712Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63770-1213939800-1213939800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:The Tibet Crisis
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Sujit Dutta\nDiscussants: Mohan Guruswamy & Bhaskar Roy
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/the-tibet-crisis
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080620T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080620T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222712Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63771-1213939800-1213939800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Al Qaeda and Nuclear Weapons Understanding the Quest
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Ranjit Gupta\nDiscussants: V K Nair & J Madhan Mohan
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/al-qaeda-and-nuclear-weapons-understanding-the-quest
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080627T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080627T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222643Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63768-1214544600-1214544600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Jamaat and its Agenda of Islamic State in Bangladesh
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Professor Kalim Bahadur\nDiscussants: Veena Sikri & Bhaskar Roy
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/jamaat-and-its-agenda-of-islamic-state-in-bangladesh
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080801T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080801T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222642Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63764-1217568600-1217568600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Can Regional Energy Cooperation in South Asia be enhanced?
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Sujit Dutta\nDiscussants: Ram Upendra Das & Prashant Agrawal
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/can-regional-energy-cooperation-in-south-asia-be-enhanced
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080801T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080801T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222642Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63765-1217568600-1217568600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Pakistan's Approach to Kashmir since Lahore Agreement : Is there any change?
DESCRIPTION:Chair: N.S. Sisodia\nDiscussants: Satish Chandra & R Rajagopalan
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/pakistans-approach-to-kashmir-since-lahore-agreement-is-there-any-change
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080808T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080808T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222624Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63762-1218173400-1218173400@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Pakistan's Energy Security: Challenges and Options
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arvind Gupta\nDiscussants: G Balachandran & Savita Pande
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/pakistans-energy-security-challenges-and-options
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080808T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080808T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222624Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63763-1218173400-1218173400@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Special Forces for Anti - Naxal Operations: an Assessment of the Security Environment
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Ved Marwah\nDiscussants: J N Roy & D M Mitra
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/special-forces-for-anti-naxal-operations-an-assessment-of-the-security-environment
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080822T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080822T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222619Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63758-1219383000-1219383000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:China's Discourse on Regionalism
DESCRIPTION:Chair: V P Dutt\nDiscussants: S K Bhutani & Baladas Ghoshal
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/chinas-discourse-on-regionalism
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080822T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080822T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222624Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63759-1219383000-1219383000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Talking to the Taliban: Will it Ensure 'Peace' in Afghanistan?
DESCRIPTION:Chair: V G Patankar\nDiscussants: Shakti Sinha & Gurmeet Kanwal
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/talking-to-the-taliban-will-it-ensure-peace-in-afghanistan
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080829T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080829T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222619Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63755-1219987800-1219987800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Confronting the Threat in Cyberspace
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Thomas MathewDiscussants: Prem Chand & Subimal Bhattacharjee  \nThe central premises of the paper presenter were that governements were neglecting the current threats on the Internet not out negligance but because these threats were too diffuse and inchoate. This prevented a appropriate and timely response from the state to this threat. There was a tendency to approach these threats as law and order problem \, or technology problem\, whereas they are of a much higher order\, and could impact on national security. \nThere were two parts to the equation of securing cyberspace. One was premised on the definition that “Cyberspace is composed of hundreds of thousands of interconnected computers\, servers\, routers\, switches\, and fiber optic cables that allow our critical infrastructures to work.”. Over the years\, ensuring the security and integrity of the networks that connect critical infrastructure has become of paramount importance since crucial sectors such as the financial\, energy\, transportation and telecommunications sectors are connected through cyber networks. This applies to India as well with core areas of the Indian economy\, from the financial markets to the banking sector\, to telecommunications are networked\, and other areas such as energy distribution and transportation are headed in that direction. \nA second part of the equation\, but one that has proved to be problematic when it comes to implementation\, has been securing the Internet\, the vast network of networks\, which has now become synonymous with cyberspace. Users of the Internet\, an estimated 1.5 billion of the world’s population\, vary from individuals to corporations to governments\, all of whom use the same pipes for the transmission of some or all of their data and communications. \nThe rise in the Internet population has meant that while the threats and vulnerabilities inherent to the Internet and Cyberspace might have remained more or less the same as before\, the probability of disruption has grown apace with the rise in the number of users. At the same time\, the nature of the Internet\, with all the characteristics of a “global commons” means that no nation can unilaterally take on the responsibility of defending or policing networks owned variously by nation states\, commercial companies and individuals. In fact\, cyberspace is characterised by blurred boundaries; there are no clear demarcations between civilian and military\, state and non-state\, and foreign and domestic as in other domains. It is those same characteristics that make it an ideal medium for committing malafide activities which can have repercussions for national and international security. \nCharacteristics of the Internet\nIt is akin to a Global Commons where no nation can unilaterally take on the responsibility of defending or policing networks owned variously by nation states\, commercial companies and individuals; it has blurred boundaries where there are no clear demarcations between civilian and military\, state and non-state\, and foreign and domestic and: the architecture of the Internetas it has evolved is that of an open all-inclusive\, decentralised environment. Part of the problem is that the Internet’s organic evolution meant that security was not a consideration and trying to bring ina secure internet environment is like bolting the stable door after the horses have bolted. \nInternet War\nThis has led to Internet War or I-War which can be described as a low-intensity war where actors unkown are exploiting “the ubiquitous low security” internet infrastructure to target users with malware that compromises their systems and networks. These attacks take advantages of the bugs and vulnerabilities in software\, systems and networks and are perpetrated though the machinations of a hacker-criminal network-state nexus. \nThe Hacker-Criminal Network-State nexus\nCriminal networks have\, over the years\, professionalised the business of discovering and exploiting weaknesses in software that allow them to undertake a variety of actions ranging from taking control of those computers\, accessing information on those computers or rendering them unusable. Whilst hackers provide the technical expertise\, existing international criminal networks have learnt how to squeeze the maximum out of these compromised computers\, and have turnovers estimated in the billions of dollars. Whilst this would remain at the level of criminal activity\, it has acquired dangerous proportions and impinges on national security when a state-criminal network-hacker nexus builds up. There is enough circumstantial evidence to show that some states have turned a blind eye to cyber-space centred criminal and illegal activities\, perceiving certain advantages to be had from building up such a capacity. The means\, motivation and objectives and approaches to I-War are examined in greater detail in two case studies. \nInternational Responses to I-War\nWhile I-War might seem to be blown out of proportion when compared to the actual disruption it causes at present\, it provides sufficient indication that the threats of the future are vastly different from that envisioned by national security planners. The blurred boundaries and the anonymity provided by cyber-space make it difficult to pin responsibility for such attacks\, which\, going by current trends\, will be perpetrated by individuals\, networks\, communities and organisations\, with the state acting as facilitator\, and nationalistic fervour providing the motivation. \nGovernments have found it hard put to grapple with the complex issues of I-War\, though some are increasingly cognizant of its implications for national security. Among the possible measures that can be taken are the following: i)international treaties and agreements that clearly spell out what constitutes legal and illegal activities on the Internet should be worked out; ii)states such as Russia and China should be encouraged to ensure that international norms of behaviour are followed and iii) The CERT mechanism that provides a useful interface between government\, private sector and individuals should be implemented in countries where they don’t yet exist\, and there should be better co-ordination and sharing of information among existing CERTs . \nConclusion\nWhilst analysts have been tom-tomming the impending arrival of cyberwar with vivid imagery of the collapse of critical infrastructure\, the ongoing battle in the Internet space is much less noticeable but has equally important ramifications for national security. The means\, the motivation and the actors have come together in a combination that presages ever increasing I-War. It is for those at the receiving end to take urgent remedial action which does not mean responding in kind\, but by addressing the technical and legal lacunae in cyberspace that allows criminal elements to flourish\, and illegal activities to go unpunished. This should be done in consultation with all stake holders including national governments\, private sector companies and information infrastructure providers. While this would not end the problem completely\, it would mitigate it somewhat\, and might prevent other countries from going down the route of I-War. \nDiscussion\nAmong the points that came up in the discussion that followed the presentation were the following: \n\nEnsuring Information Security is a 21st century nightmare.\nFailure of the defences and the increasing profits from such practices has led to an increase in cyber crime.\nNetwork Security id dead. The need is to address Applications security…only 9% of software vulnerabilities are being addressed\nThe need is to divert focus on the question as to what the next level of security should be. More research is required in the domain of information warfare weapons and the issue of leakages in the war room.\nEconomic security is as important as national security.\nIt is premature to link the subject of cyber threat to nationalism.\nAs a country India has a fair lead in the realm of information technology.\nEMP or the electro magnetic pulse is an alternative to nuclear capability.\nThe information structures both at the national and global level should be studied.\nTen years back the American literature dominated the subject of cyber security. Gradually however other countries have also shown interest in the same.\nThere is practically no international mechanism for cooperation in this area except for the World Summit of UN Secretary General.\nIndividual is increasingly getting linked with national security.\nA great deal of academic work needs to be done in the field of cyber security to facilitate better understanding and comprehend the threat.\nCyber threat would be a potent one in the twenty first century be it national security\, education or health.\nIndia’s security domains are attacked by China on an everyday basis.\nTreaties and multinational forums should be fostered to reduce and ultimately eliminate the threat.\nIn this regard the IT Act of the year 2007 had many deficiencies which require attention.
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/confronting-the-threat-in-cyberspace
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080905T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20080905T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T185136
CREATED:20231223T222619Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130251Z
UID:63754-1220592600-1220592600@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Role of Biotechnology in Defence
DESCRIPTION:Chair: B S SacharDiscussants: B M Gandhi & Sachin Chaturvedi  \nIn the 21st century\, the science of biology has been found adopting various techniques from other fields of life to improve its effectiveness. Modern-day biotechnology could be regarded as a multidisciplinary field where its utility has grown beyond traditional uses like agriculture and medicine. This draft paper by Ajey Lele\, Research Fellow at IDSA\, looks at the relevance of biotechnology for modern day militaries both from offensive and defensive perspectives. Major applications of biotechnology extending for their militaristic utility mainly fall into categories like sensors; electronics and computing; materials; logistics and therapeutics. This paper is divided into four main parts. Part I looks at the relevance of biotechnology with reference to the debate on ‘germ threats’. The second part deals with the defence related medical and non-medical aspects of this technology and the third part focuses on military investments made by few important states in this field. The last part takes a macro-view of disarmament issues.  \nRelevance of biotechnology for bio weapons/ bio terrorism \nIn general\, two main types of groups/individuals could be said to be in a position to apply the advanced techniques of biotechnology for the purposes of bio-terrorism. The first category could be the state sponsored international terrorist organizations undertaking such act with the help of the sponsor state possessing covert BW programme. The second type could be the disgruntled scientists working at clinical microbiology laboratory or academic laboratory involved in some aspect of microbiological research. She/he may do it just to prove a point or as an act of defiance against her/his own organization or because of influence from any terrorist organization.  \nCurrent research in biotechnology parallels earlier research in the nuclear field in the 1940s and 1950s. The database developed for nuclear technology was applicable for both military and industrial purposes. Similarly\, the database being developed for commercial genetic engineering in the fields of agriculture\, animal husbandry\, and medicine is potentially convertible to the development of a wide range of novel pathogens that can attack plant\, animal\, and human populations. Because of these advancements in various areas related to biotechnology and genetic engineering there exists a possibility that biological warfare could gain importance as a viable option not only amongst the terrorist organizations but covertly among some state actors too. \nIn the years ahead\, the use of biotechnology to create bioweapons will become far more powerful\, more available and less expensive. Engineering\, computing\, and the capital markets will push biology forward on a rapid trajectory. What used to take a highly skilled team of scientists to accomplish can now be done in rapid fashion with automated kits within few hours. Industrial techniques allow the cheap production of pathogens or toxins to tonnage quantities in places around the world. Historically\, it has been seen that all current inventions have found suitable applicability in the business of warfare. In case of futuristic bioweapons the only dilemma could be will terrorist organizations opt for this technology?  \nBiotechnological Weapons\nHow to turn modern biotechnology to make actual weapons is still not known\, but with their capability of attacking targets accurately and producing ultramicro\, non-lethal\, and reversible damage\, such weapons might finally change the methods of “physical annihilation” or “destruction within the killing range” which have characterized war since the invention of gunpowder. Today\, scientists are of the opinion that we can use many modern biotechnologies directly as a means of defence and attack\, and with further development\, they probably will become new weapons systems.  \nTechnically speaking war is simply the human behaviour that forces enemies to lose the power of resistance. It could be possible to create biological weapons which could alter the biological features of human bodies. It could be possible to create biotechnological weapons that can cause destruction that is more powerful and more civilized than that caused by conventional killing methods like gunpowder or nuclear weapons. However\, an important thing to note is that the military utility of biotechnology is likely to grow beyond biological weapons and medical protection. It is likely to revel a character of aggression not thought of till date.  \nBiotechnology and Biodefence\nVarious techniques exist today within the field of biotechnology which have direct or indirect relevance for biodefence. Processes like the automation of sequencing in genome projects\, bioinformatics\, and advances in combinational chemistry and high throughput screening of compounds are on the forefront in this arena. They are being developed for civilian application in medicine\, pharmaceuticals\, and agriculture\, as well as for purposes that are legitimate under the BTWC\, such as defence\, detection\, protection\, and prophylaxis. Biotechnology has been vital to the development of techniques for identifying and diagnosing diseases and for medical counter-measures. Moreover the recent advances in biotechnology offer a real opportunity for the development of effective counter-measures to biological and toxin weapons agents. From a biosecurity perspective\, vaccine development and production has great strategic value. \nMedical and Non-medical Aspects of BT\nFollowing are the broad areas in various medical and non-medical categories for military where biotechnology can be used in some manner  \n\nTherapeutics: Genomics and proteomics; drugs and vaccines; drug delivery systems \nElectronics and Computing: Protein based devices; biocomputing; biomolecular hybrid devices \nMaterials: Tissue engineering; biologically inspired materials and processes; hybrid materials \nLogistics: Miniaturizations of biological devices; functional foods; biological energy sources; renewable resources \n\nMilitary investments made by few important states\nUnderstanding the need for the induction of emerging technologies\, armed forces around the world have started investing in various strategic technologies. However\, in respect of biotechnology\, the interest appears to be still in an embryonic stage. The reasons for this could be many. Today\, biotechnology is still under the process of evolution. The growth of technology offers many promises but it still does not offer substantial solutions to existing military problems. And this could be the reason for the absence of interest in most of the cases. However\, as states have slowly started realizing that juxtaposing this technology with other technologies like nanotechnology could offer many dividends to military they have started investing in it. \nApart from the US\, states like China are looking at the military applicability of this technology. Only few states are showing overt interest in this field. However\, dual-use nature of this technology demand a ‘read between the line’ approach to understand the military intentions of various nation-states in respect of this technology.  \nChina’s overall technological capabilities have increased dramatically since its reform programme began in the late 1970s. However\, no direct indications are available about their interests in using biotechnology for military purposes. At the same time China understands that biotechnology has obvious military implications as a means for developing biological weapons and also providing defence against biological weapons. The military biotechnology may found its applicability in areas like non-lethal weapons. Here a possibility exists that microbes capable of destroying the fuel supplies of the enemy could be developed. \nChina’s main sources of biotech growth are expected to be in bio-agriculture\, genomic sequencing\, biochips\, traditional medicines\, bioinformatics\, stem cell research\, and bio-manufacturing. China is also making substantial investments in Agriculture biotechnology which it considers as a strategically significant tool for improving national food security.  \nBiotechnology and Disarmament\nThere exists an apparent linkage between the growth of biotechnology and development of biological or agriculture weapons. In future non-lethal biological agents could also be used as incapacitants under certain circumstances. This exponential growth of technology demands focused attention from the disarmament regime. In the present era\, it would be a profound mistake to see genomics as simply a scientific revolution. It could have both positive as well as negative impacts on the survival of the mankind. The entire spectra of biotechnologies could likely have major impact on creation of new biological weapons. \nConclusion\nBiotechnology has shown immense potential for its utility in various facets of life and military is no exception. Scientists and military leadership are increasingly finding its utility for militaristic purposes. At the same time this technology is raising fears because of many of its potential negative consequences.  \nBiotechnology and its products have created some amazing possibilities for military particularly in the area of sensor technology\, biocomputing\, protection of C4ISR\, Bioengineered materials\, biofuels\, etc. Induction of biotechnoogy in such areas is expected to bring radical changes to a broad range of military applications and even few military tactics could have to be redefined with the induction of this technology. Looking at the potential of this technology\, there is a need to invest more in military’s biomaterials needs.  \nUnfortunately\, the growth of BT has a darker side too and that is its potential to create bioweapons. Today\, due to the competitive nature of technology business houses are also found reluctant to provide information that could compromise their economic edge. Hence\, the biggest challenge exists to allow the growth of technology without letting it into the wrong hands. It is expected that in future\, the science of biotechnology itself may come in handy to tackle the threats posed by advances in biotechnology.  \nDiscussion\nWg. Cdr. Lele presented this paper as part of the IDSA Weekly Fellows’ Seminar series. The seminar was chaired by Brig. B. S. Sachar\, Senior Fellow at IDSA. Two external discussants were invited to provide their comments on the paper: Dr. B.M. Gandhi who is a biotechnologist and CEO of NeoMed Services\, and Dr. Sachin Chaturvedi who works at the Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries. In addition\, Dr. Uttam Sinha\, Research Fellow at IDSA\, was also invited to be a discussant. Some of the points raised during the course of the discussion are as below: \n\nBiotechnology industry surpasses the Aerospace industry. \nIndia is at a nascent stage of development in the field of biotechnology. \nOne needs to be more concerned regarding the non-scientific applications of the technology. \nBiotechnology should not be seen in isolation. \nOne the most significant questions today is as to who can use a biological weapon? \nBTWC does not provide enough space to control existing developments in the field of biotechnology. \nSAARC should be used as a forum where these issues should be discussed at the regional level. \nOne needs to highlight the politics involved in biotechnology and also look at the geo-politics of biotechnology. \nBiotechnology is likely to be a lead technology in the 21st Century. \nIt is necessary to highlight how useful or dubious existing international treaties are.\nIndia today is facing a number of problems related to biotechnology. \nThere is a need to dwell upon Agro-terrorism. \nPharmaceutical companies can also indulge in the spread of a biological agent for this can help them attain high levels of profits. \nThe biotechnology threat is increasing exponentially and there is a need to analyze the threat and also to get solutions and preventions. \nPrepared by Gunjan Singh\, Research Assistant at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses\, New Delhi.
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/role-of-biotechnology-in-defence
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/no_photo-200x150-2.jpg
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR