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DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20100312T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20100312T053000
DTSTAMP:20261104T213046
CREATED:20231223T221938Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130247Z
UID:63664-1268371800-1268371800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Energy Related Border Adjustment Measures: Will it Lead to Trade War?
DESCRIPTION:Ms. Shebonti Ray Dadwal\, Research Fellow\, presented her paper titled “Energy Related Border Trade Measures: Can it lead to trade war?” on 12 March 2010. Dr. Arvind Gupta chaired the session. Dr. Nityananda and Prof. V.G. Hegde were external discussants. Col. P.K. Gautam and Dr. Uttam Sinha were internal discussants.  \nShebonti Ray Dadwal highlighted the key aspects of the topic under consideration: \n\nTrade protectionism in the name of climate change is a hot topic. Already several countries have imposed carbon taxes while others are passing bills that authorise application of such taxes.\nThe question to be asked is if this is a disguised method to retain trade superiority.\nThe American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACESA) and similar measures undertaken by the European countries aim to tax imports that are carbon-intensive in the name of prohibiting competitive distortions.\nIt has been criticised as being against the development plans of the developing countries and it is argued that measures like financial assistance and technology transfers will be more effective.\nDeveloping countries\, worried at the prospects of facing fresh trade barriers\, had made their approach clear at the Copenhagen Summit in December 2009 and earlier in Bonn in August 2009\, arguing against any such unilateral measures.\nSuch measures\, it is argued\, would amount to passing of the mitigation responsibilities to the developing countries by the developed countries. Moreover\, such measures go against the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”.\nWTO as well as UNFCCC rules are not exactly specific on this subject. Moreover\, the subject is extremely complex because of its multilayered nature. There are loopholes that allow exceptions for such policies.\n\nDiscussion:\n\nTrade\, security and wars are interlinked. Historical evidence also proves this fact. In recent times\, trade and terrorism have become linked.\nAt different times\, different groups of countries have focussed on carbon taxes\, and this issue will keep coming up in the future also. \nEnergy industry itself is the most energy-intensive industry. Moreover\, due to diversity in the quality of production\, assessment is going to be extremely complex; understanding the global impact is going to be even more difficult.\nTechnology is not the solution for addressing climate change; technology diffusion is more important than technology transfer. In a way the present debate is also about increasing the returns on the present IPRs.\nThe question to be asked here is whether India is ready for such a war? Do we have the expertise to fight or anticipate the circumstances?\nSince imposition of tariffs is a sovereign right and the WTO is being used by developed countries for pursuing their security agendas\, policy options for developing countries are getting shrunk. Therefore\, anticipation and capacity building to face the potential changes is extremely critical.\nIndividual countries have their agenda clearly worked out\, but it becomes problematic when one has to act as part of groups. It is better to develop consensus based on common interests which can help in setting important negotiating stands.\nIn all likelihood\, carbon taxation will take place and climate change will be used as a non-tariff barrier. Therefore preparing in advance is necessary.\nIt is important to see how the energy mix impacts trade and carbon taxation policies. Geopolitics\, trade and environment are linked. Thus\, there is interplay of politics and bargaining strategies. \nSometimes cap and trade policies can create incentives for efficient industries and can force non-efficient ones to change their methods of operations. \n\nReport prepared by Avinash Godbole\, Research Assistant\, IDSA.
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/energy-related-border-adjustment-measures-will-it-lead-to-trade-war
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20100312T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20100312T053000
DTSTAMP:20261104T213046
CREATED:20231223T221938Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130247Z
UID:63665-1268371800-1268371800@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Sustaining Motivation in Sub-Conventional Warfare
DESCRIPTION:Chairperson: Ashok MehataDiscussants: Arun Sahgal and N.P. SinghInternal Discussants: Rumel Dahiya and S. Kalayanaraman \n \nMaj. Gen. (Retd.) Ashok Mehta stated at the very outset that India fought its last conventional war in 1971. Since then\, it has been fighting only sub-conventional wars. However\, the real spurt to sub-conventional wars that India has been fighting came in the 1980s with the surge of Sikh and then Kashmiri militancy. As for the term ‘sub-conventional war’\, he said that it simply denotes to anti-terrorist or counter-insurgency operations. He argued that India would continue to fight this mode of warfare for one or two generations more at least. Therefore\, he argued\, the study done by Col. K. C. Dixit was very relevant from the academic as well as policy points of view.  \nColonel K.C. Dixit\, a Research Fellow at IDSA\, examined in his paper the issue of how to keep soldiers’ (in Army tradition the word ‘soldier’ is generically applied to officers\, junior commissioned officers and other ranks) motivation high in the difficult conditions of sub-conventional war. What makes his paper really noteworthy is that it is based on an extensive field trip and personal interviews conducted by him. He went to Jammu and Kashmir in December 2009 and visited army units where he interviewed 880 soldiers. The interviewees were classified in three categories: officers\, junior commissioned officers and other ranks. He asked them 36 questions\, which were wide ranging and covered the entire gamut of a soldier’s life. On the basis of responses given to his questions\, he arrived at certain conclusions. \nHe began by putting forward a simplified version of the definitional aspects of motivation. Then\, he dwelt into the peculiarities of the operational environment in sub-conventional warfare\, juxtaposing it with conventional warfare. He then elaborated upon the factors affecting motivation in sub-conventional warfare. He recounted the absence of cooperation from the side of civil authority\, media propaganda\, lack of intelligence resulting in difficulty in identifying militants\, pressing demand for quick reaction\, problem with soldiers adapting to a new environment\, problem of command and control\, insistence on use of minimum force\, unsatisfactory living conditions\, pressures from human rights organizations\, as prominent factors affecting motivation of soldiers in sub-conventional warfare.  \nAfter analyzing factors affecting motivation\, he brought forward his conclusion that the conditions necessary to keep Indian soldiers motivated are far from being satisfactory. Here\, he made some recommendations to improve the level of motivation among soldiers. His recommendations covered areas like training\, organizational set up\, judicious involvement and participation on the part of soldiers at various levels in decision-making\, unit cohesion\, making tasks challenging\, exciting and meaningful\, media management\, the handling of junior leadership\, delegation of powers\, and many others. He finished his presentation by making a passionate plea for improving and sustaining motivation of soldiers in sub-conventional warfare. \nThe discussants were unanimous on the fact that the study done by Colonel K.C. Dixit was of immense significance and would surely help improve the working conditions of the Indian Armed Forces and increase their efficiency. However\, they and other scholars present during the session made some valid methodological points\, which needed to be addressed. Col. K.C. Dixit accepted these points and assured that he would accommodate them in the subsequent and final draft. \n  Report prepared by Dr. Prashant Kumar Singh.
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/sustaining-motivation-in-sub-conventional-warfare
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
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