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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20090109T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20090109T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T012918
CREATED:20231223T222432Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130250Z
UID:63731-1231479000-1231479000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Spreading Tentacles of Left-Wing Extremism: Are we Failing in Police Training: A case study of Chhattisgarh
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Ved MarwahDiscussants: G. D. Bakshi and K. M. Madhusudhanan \nVarious case studies of Naxalite-related incidents have revealed that one of the prime reasons for recurring security forces casualties has been the inadequacy in training imparted to them. While the Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMF) have well developed integral infrastructure and resources for training\, the police forces in most of the States are generally lagging behind. Police forces are generally capacity-deficient to fight the Naxalites effectively and need to be transformed into a combat-oriented force in Naxal-affected States. However\, police training has been less than satisfactory. An adequate and efficient police training system\, infrastructure and resources are required to be built up in the States to meet current training requirements. \nThe vital question is whether the present police training facilities\, resources and infrastructure available in the States are adequate to train personnel\, including new recruits\, within a short span of time. This paper attempts to assess the present police training system\, infrastructure and resources in Naxal-affected States\, discusses the role of the Central Government in general\, and examines Chhattisgarh in particular. The paper also identifies corrective measures and makes relevant policy recommendations. \nLaw and order being a state subject\, the primary responsibility of building police training system\, infrastructure and resources lies with State governments. However\, the Central Government has been rendering support to States in the formulation of training policy\, research\, improving law enforcement\, standardisation and modernisation through exchange of knowledge\, coordination and budgetary allocation. The Centre as part of the Seventh Plan has recently taken the initiative and decided to set up 20 Counter insurgency and Anti-Terrorism training Centres in Bihar\, Jharkhand\, Assam\, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. Also adequate funds have been allocated to Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) in the 7th plan for development of the police training system throughout the country. Modernisation of police forces has not brought about any visible improvement in the police training system so far in most of the States. A few States like Andhra Pradesh have however taken the lead. \nPresently\, a huge gap exists between requirements and availability of police training infrastructure and resources in most of the States. Select numbers of police personnel are being trained in Army and CPMF training establishments. However\, these establishments have their own commitments and cannot afford to regularly train State police personnel unless their infrastructure and resources are enhanced.  \nChhattisgarh State police personnel lack adequate training to effectively fight the Naxalites. The police training infrastructure and resources in this State are not commensurate with ground requirements. Also\, the lack of coordination between CPMF and state police forces is evident given the absence of an operational ethos and gap in training.  \nChhattisgarh inherited a depleted police force and infrastructure when it was formed in the year 2001. A large number of reluctant officers and men from Madhya Pradesh were allotted Chhattisgarh State. Besides\, many personnel\, trained in instructional duties\, managed to remain in Madhya Pradesh. The state inherited the worst Naxalite-hit areas\, and the Chhattisgarh Police\, at its inception\, was capacity deficient. Given the state’s limited infrastructure\, it also suffers from deficiency in training. Finances are a major constraint faced by the State police and are far below what is necessary to meet the requirements of manpower\, mobility\, infrastructure\, communication\, land\, residential accommodation\, etc. \nThe state police has identified some key areas and steps are being taken to improve police training. These include: commando training; intelligence training; basic induction training; specialist training; improvement of training infrastructure and facilities; joint training with CPMF; joint/collective training with CPMF; and redressing resource deficiency. Also\, the State has taken an initiative to establish a Counter Insurgency and Jungle warfare Training College which can train 3\,600 police personnel each year. With limited training infrastructure\, Chattisgarh will take at least 10 years to train its entire police manpower in counter-insurgency and jungle warfare.  \nA positive environment and culture is lacking in the police set up in most of the States. Posting to a training institution is considered as punishment. Also there is little interest in undergoing training. There is no motivation and incentive for the trainers. Hence police forces lack good quality of instructors. Training is also not strictly linked with promotion. Training is therefore a neglected activity in the police. Excess commitment of police personnel is another reason for training to be neglected. \nHolistic development of the training system is required in the police set-up. The essence of police human resource development lies in training\, and it cannot be neglected any longer. There is an urgent need to prioritise training at all levels including special pilot projects like dedicated allocation of budget for development of training infrastructure and resources to States. The Army and the CPMF have a large number of well-trained instructors whose services can be utilised in the police training academies of naxal-affected States. \nThe paper’s recommendations were: \n\nPrioritising police training at all levels especially in Naxalism- affected States. \nAddressing budgetary constraints. \nAddressing manpower and leadership problems. \nDevelopment of instructional staff. \nDeveloping training infrastructure. \nDeveloping a healthy training culture. \nImproving operational understanding between State Police Forces and CPMF through joint training and inducting CPMF instructors and leadership in armed police battalions and police training institutions. Also utilisation of retired army personnel and officers in police training can be explored. \n\nPoints raised during the Discussion: \n\nThe menace of Left Wing Extremism constitutes a considerable security threat for India’s internal peace and development. \nLeft Wing Extremism has socioeconomic roots. \nLeft Wing Extremism is a heartland insurgency; so the government relies on police and paramilitary forces. \nThe Andhra Pradesh model of tackling Left Wing Extremism has worked\, and should be replicated elsewhere with adequate modifications to suit local conditions. \nLeft-wing extremism ultimately requires a political solution. \nPolice leadership have to change their attitude especially towards training\, which needs to be prioritised. \nThe Army’s short-service officers may be reemployed for police training. \nArmy/paramilitary forces personnel may be deputed to the training Institutes and armed police battalions of States affected by Left Wing Extremism. \nHuman rights must be included in the police training curricula. \n\nPrepared by Dr. Amarjeet Singh\, Research Assistant at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses\, New Delhi.
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/spreading-tentacles-of-left-wing-extremism-are-we-failing-in-police-training-a-case-study-of-chhattisgarh
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20090109T053000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Kolkata:20090109T053000
DTSTAMP:20261105T012918
CREATED:20231223T222432Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20231224T130250Z
UID:63732-1231479000-1231479000@idsa.in
SUMMARY:Tibet: Connectivity\, Capabilities and Consequences
DESCRIPTION:Chair: Arvind GuptaDiscussants: Ravi Sawhney and Rahul K Bhonsle \nSince 1951\, China had fueled massive economic investment in Tibet. In recent decades\, infrastructure assumed the salience in China’s Tibet strategy\, especially under its ‘Go West’ policy\, launched by Jiang Zemin in 2000. The stated goal was to usher Tibet into an era of modernity and prosperity. The policy gained more urgent priority since 2003 when Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao showed greater commitment to make Tibet a part of China’s economic miracle. The 1\,100 kilometer railway to Lhasa that cost $4.2 billion has symbolized China’s success in Tibet. Even the Indian Defence Minister Mr. A K Antony accepted the fact that there was no comparison of such development on the Indian side\, when he visited a forward location in December 2007. \nIn 2007\, China’s State Council had approved 180 projects for Tibet that would cost over 770 billion yuan ($10.2) during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Reports suggest that more than 77 percent projects have already commenced. According to the Tibet Autonomous Regional Development and Reform Commission\, over 200 billion Yuan were spent during the year 2008.  \nOn October 14\, 2008\, Chinese military engineers and workers began digging a tunnel in Tibet’s Galung La Mountain in Nyingchi Prefecture to build the most difficult highway to China’s last road-less Medog County that borders Arunachal Pradesh. China’s state media prominently highlighted the significance of the 141 km long road connecting Medog with Tibet’s main East-West highway. The project will be completed by 2010.  \nThe great concern for India is the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP)\, also known as the ‘Great Western Line’. The project is worth China’s $60 billion that aims to divert more than 40 billion cubic meters of water annually from China’s longest river\, the Yangtze\, and its tributaries through a tunnel under the Yellow River to northern China. The initial phase is expected to be ready by 2010. But a section of the route has already been used for meeting the water requirements during the Beijing Olympics. The initial two routes of the project will take water from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze basin through the Yellow River to Beijing\, Tianjin\, and other booming cities in the north. The third route plans to divert waters from Tibet’s Yalong\, Dadu and Jinsha rivers to the northern plains. The Brahmaputra project forms the second phase of the third route. The project was envisaged on the assumption that by 2030 the Yangtze basin will not have sufficient water for transfer to the north. The major concern here is: why is China going ahead with the SNWTP if there is inadequate water available for rerouting? \nThe project’s aim is to divert the Tsangpo at the Shoumatan Point (the ‘Big U-turn’) for constructing the world’s largest hydroelectric plant at the knick-zone to generate 40\,000 Megawatts of electricity\, and for diverting 200 billion cubic meters of water annually to the arid north. The project will involve enormous engineering complexity on the scale of the Tibet railway system and the Three Gorges dam. Media reports also suggest China’s proposal to use nuclear explosives to blast a 15 kilometer tunnel at the U-turn. \nThe great challenge for India regarding the project is that India has no water sharing treaty with China. China has rarely bothered to share information prior to flood situations. As a result India often becomes vulnerable to environmental threats. Also\, there is no record of China consulting the lower riparian states before undertaking construction of dams upstream. \nAs the economies of India and China grow\, both are going to compete not only for oil and gas but also for water resources. One can conclude that China as the upstream state would treat water as a strategic commodity.  \nPoints raised during the Discussion \n\nChina is unwilling to discuss the issue with India at the bilateral level. \nThere is a need to discuss water diversion by China at the United Nations and the issue also needs to be brought before the International Court of Justice. \nThe potential impact on India of China blocking the Brahmaputra river needs to be examined. \n\nPrepared by Dr. M.Mahtab Alam Rizvi\, Research Assistant at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses\, New Delhi.
URL:https://idsa.in/idsa-event/tibet-connectivity-capabilities-and-consequences
CATEGORIES:FELLOW'S SEMINAR,EVENT REPORT
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