The Red Sea crisis as a result of the attacks on shipping traffic by the Houthis in solidarity with the Hamas fighting Israel has had significant negative, economic ramifications for regional countries.

India and Oman's growing and multifaceted strategic partnership displays a shared commitment to regional peace and economic development.

European countries have upped their engagement in the Indo-Pacific region, in the pursuit of their geo-strategic and economic interests.

India has deepened renewable energy cooperation with countries of the GCC in the last few years.

OPEC+ policies have had significant implications for oil importing developing countries as well as oil producing states.

The main focus of the 22nd Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Samarkand was on strengthening regional cooperation and trade connectivity in Eurasia.

Ensuring maritime security and freedom of navigation in the Indian Ocean and the wider Indo-Pacific region is key security imperative and one of the key objectives of India’s engagement with the US and other partners.

The crises in Bosnia have put the nation on red alert and could lead to a major conflict or civil war, if the issues are not resolved soon. Any political instability can fan ideas of disintegration and separation and take Bosnia back to the civil war era and ethnic conflicts, devastation and loss of life.

With the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the expansion of energy routes and suppliers has assumed increased urgency not only for Poland but EU as a whole. To what extent this diversification of supply chain will reduce Poland’s overt reliance on Russia, remains to be seen.

This backgrounder attempts to understand, trace, and analyse the evolving nature of transnational terrorism, modus operandi, and security threats posed by the two infamous terrorist organisations of Africa namely Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram with their various factions due to their transnational classification.