Like-minded countries need to cooperate more closely to shield critical infrastructure and prevent systemic disruptions.

There is a need to formulate a national strategy to tackle ransomware threat as this cybercrime affects governments, businesses and individuals.

The name recognition associated with multilateral organisations like the G-20 and the QUAD provides a useful entry point for creating awareness on cybersecurity issues for the common man.

The Russia–Ukraine cyberwar has upended a number of existing preconceptions about cyber conflict in an active war.

The Quad has cautiously carved out a practical and cooperative agenda on issues of cybersecurity.