Md. Muddassir Quamar replies: Turkey and Pakistan share a strong bond of friendship encompassing political, cultural, economic and defence relations. Besides being Muslim-majority republican countries, their geopolitical interests converge in Afghanistan and Central Asia and they look towards each other as economic partners and for political and security cooperation.

Ashok Kumar Behuria replies: The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body established in 1989. The objectives of the FATF are to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures by different states for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system. 

Ashok Kumar Behuria replies: The term 'deep state' was used first in the context of groups carrying disproportionate influence in a polity or state short-circuiting the recognised lines of authority. In Turkey, such a phenomenon was called derin devlet or the ‘deep state’ or even ‘state within the state’. Such phenomenon is not, however, confined to Turkey alone and is noticeable in other states as well.

Ashok Kumar Behuria replies: De-hyphenation is a policy adopted by countries to maximise their strategic returns from their diplomatic engagements/investments with two adversarial states, both of whom are of consequence to them. It insulates them in some way from the inadvertent turbulence that could result out of their possible hostile interaction and, thus, affect their relationship with both.

A. Vinod Kumar replies: Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme is assumed to have come through proliferation channels that were harnessed and promoted by A.Q. Khan, the supposed architect of Pakistan’s nuclear programme. Subsequently, Khan was investigated for his role in running a nuclear black market that directly or indirectly benefited some countries that clandestinely sought resources to develop nuclear bombs.